Stats Glossary
An explanation of the advanced stats used in RKL.
GEM (Geometric Mean Rank)
GEM is an alternative way of averaging a player's rankings to reduce the impact of outliers. GEM is calculated by taking the nth root of the product of all the player's gameday ranks, where n is the total number of values.
PAM (Points Above Median)
PAM represents the cumulative number of points that a team has scored in excess of the leaguewide median on their gamedays. PAM is officially used as the tiebreaker in league standings.
apPAM (Average Percentage Points Above Median)
Closely related to PAM, apPAM represents the *average* amount, in percentage terms, by which a team exceeds the leaguewide median score on a given day. Because different days have different scoring opportunities, teams with identical PAM values may not have the same apPAM.
REL (Relative Performance Score)
REL measures a player's raw point generation relative to the league's mean or median on days they played. It's a way to normalize scores across games that might have different scoring opportunities. An REL above 1.000 indicates above-average performance, while a score below 1.000 is below average.
tREL (Team REL)
tREL is the weighted average REL score of all the players on a team's roster. Players who have started more games are given more weight in the formula (ex: if Player A has started six games and Player B has started two games, Player A's REL counts 3x as much as Player B's when calculating tREL).
WAR (Wins Above Replacement)
WAR attempts to quantify a player's total contribution to their team in a single number. It compares a player's performance to that of a "replacement-level" player—a hypothetical player who is readily available and typically performs at a league-minimum level. The resulting value represents the number of additional wins a team would get by having that player in their lineup instead of a replacement-value one. WAR is a cumulative stat, increasing with every above-replacement level performance.
The average margin of victory in a S7 RKL game is equal to 92% of the leaguewide median player score on a given day. Therefore, a player is considered to add 1.0 WAR if they produce (.92 * median) more karma than a replacement level player. For the purposes of WAR calculations, a "replacement level" performance is defined as 90% of the leaguewide median player score. This is approximately equal to the 180th-best REL in the league (30 teams * 6 starters).